Computer storage appliances read and record data coded as magnetized spots on a medium that represent a binary code - a sequence of digits made up of the numbers 1 and 0. A magnetized drive head hanging just above the surface of the media reads and copies data to the disk. In order to record data, electrical charges that create a certain magnetic pattern on the surface of the magnetically sensitive media are delivered through the head. To browse data, the same head performs the reverse, changing spots of magnetic patterns into electrical impulses that output to a device that makes the data usable to humans, such as a computer screen. The info can be retained indefinitely, or deleted and replaced with new magnetic spots.
The 2 main types of magnetic storage devices are hard disk drives and magnetic tape machines. Magnetic tape devices such as a tape library write, fetch and store data on several tape cartridges. At present, the most advanced format of tape cartridges is the Ultrium Linear Tape Open, also known as LTO. As of 2010, the fifth generation is the most advanced, or LTO-5 tape technology. These tape tape units can read and write at a rate of 15 to 20 MB per second native data and can save more than 100 gigabytes of data.
The advantage of magnetic tape storage is that large numbers of information can be saved in a relatively compact space. For example, some tape library models such as Quantum Scalar's i6000 tape library can store over 5,500 terabytes of data. Additionally, tape devices have always been the fastest and desired method of reading and writing massive amounts of data. The disadvantage of tape systems, however, is that the tape must be read from one end to the other in order to retrieve and keep data. Because of this, magnetic tape is mostly used to copy, or backup, large quantities of data stored on a network or mainframe system (or for other purposes in which stored data can be sequentially accessed). An autoloader or autochanger is a well-known tape drive device used to save mass data on many tape cartridges; tape libraries are generally larger versions of autoloaders. In 2001 around 705,700 magnetic tape storage components were shipped by U.S. suppliers, valued at approximately $1.9 billion.
A hard disk magnetic storage device resembles a stack of small metal plates that revolve at a constant speed. In between each plate, a magnetic head is positioned on an arm that sweeps over the disk's surface. Each plate is coated on both sides with a magnetically sensitive component on which a head can read or write information. Every bit of information stored on the disks is accessible by the heads each time the stack turns.
The advantage of hard drives is that they can speedily get information nonsequentially because of the magnetic head's ability to move fast and freely across the entire surface of the disk. Furthermore, because they are small, they make excellent storage devices for microcomputers. Disk drives with greater capacities are usually used in workstations, minicomputers, local area networks (LANs), and also mainframes. Hard drives for larger computer systems are typically 14-inch, 10-inch, or 8-inch drives. Microcomputers typically have 5.25-inch, 3.5-inch, 2.5-inch, or 1.8-inch drives. Smaller disks usually hold one to two megabytes of information.
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